Halogens are so reactive that all the elements except helium and neon haveīeen found to react with at least one of the halogens. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all the elements. Remove an electron from an atom of another element. These ions have a closed outer-shell configuration.Įlectronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom of one element to AnĪdditional electron can be added to halogen atoms to form singly charged The neutral atoms of the halogens possess seven outer electrons. Halogens have distinctive, unpleasant odors, will burn exposed flesh, and The halogens are poor thermal and electricalĬonductors in all phases, and as solids they are brittle and crumbly. Solid iodine appears as shiny, dark gray crystals, and the Liquid bromine and its vapors areīrownish red. Fluorine gas is pale yellow,Īnd chlorine gas is a yellowish green. All of the elements are colored, with the colorīecoming more intense moving down the group.
Physical states: Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and Near room temperature, the halogens span all of the They have relatively low melting and boiling points that increase steadilyĭown the group. Halogens display physical and chemical properties typical of nonmetals. Salts (halides) as sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium iodide (KI).
The salinity of the oceans on Earth is due in large part to such halogen The family name means "salt-forming," from the Greek for High reactivity, the halogens are never found in nature in native form. Elemental halogens are diatomic molecules. The halogens make up Group VIIA of the Periodic Table of theĮlements. (atomic symbol F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine The halogens are the family of chemical elements that includes fluorine